John James Audubon 约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦 鸟类绘画作品打包下载

约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦：‍

鸟痴
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一生追逐飞鸟

他一生只专注于研究鸟画鸟这件事情，因此家庭生活很不愉快，甚至一度吃不上饭靠着妻子家庭教师的微薄工资裹腹。他常年在野外追逐鸟类的作息和生存，他走进鸟类世界，在漫长的探索研究中，完整地记录了鸟类的真实生活。他就是约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦（John James Audubon，1785-1851）。奥杜邦是美国鸟类学家、博物学家和画家，他观察记录了所有的北美鸟类。他因以实际大小，精确而细腻地描绘出鸟类的自然状态而闻名遐迩。观察和绘画就花费了30多年的时间，历经12年（1827-1838）才最终印刷出版的图鉴《美洲鸟类》（The Birds of America），堪称人类历史上最伟大的图鉴和鸟类学成就。在这世上，大概也只有奥杜邦才能做的到吧！

插画中的背景植物不仅提高了图片的美学价值，还因为它准确地描绘了鸟类栖息环境而具有真切的生态价值。通过背景植物不仅能看出鸟的栖息地是森林、田野、河流还是海洋，而且还可以精确地了解到鸟的栖息环境。这是把奥杜邦与只画鸟儿的同时代其他画家区别开来的重要标准。

《美洲鸟类》出版以后，伦敦皇家学会（Royal Society of London）终于接纳奥杜邦为会员，并认可了奥杜邦的成就。伦敦皇家学会是英国最古老的自然科学学会，当代最优秀的学会，其成员包括艾萨克·牛顿，查尔斯·达尔文、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、迈克尔·法拉第、罗伯特·波义耳、詹姆斯·瓦特、亚历山大·弗莱明等改变世界历史的著名科学家。奥杜邦是继本杰明·富兰克林之后第二位当选会员的美国人。

John James Audubon, Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), Study for Havell pl. 321, ca. 1831–32; 1836. Watercolor, graphite, gouache, and black ink with touches of glazing on paper, laid on Japanese paper. New-York Historical Society, Purchased for the Society by public subscription from Mrs. John J. Audubon, 1863.17.321

John James Audubon (1785-1851) was an acclaimed American ornithologist, naturalist, writer and artist. His extensive work illustrating American birds culminated in his color-plate book The Birds of America (1827-1839), containing 435 life-sized watercolors of North American birds, reproduced from hand-engraved plates. This iconic work was originally printed on handmade paper 39.5” tall by 28.5” wide, in 4 volumes, complete with 5 volumes of his related field notes.

Audubon’s illustrations demonstrated a life-like mastery of his subjects that remains unrivaled today. Exploring America’s wilderness, he worked by observing birds in nature, then drawing from dead specimens that he would kill himself using fine shot. He developed a wire armature system to hold his specimens in natural positions, distinguishing his studies from the stiff renderings of his contemporaries. He captured bird’s physical features with incredible accuracy while adding evocative elements of their natural environments, elevating his work beyond scientific study to fine art.

Audubon’s body of work set a high standard for later ornithological endeavors, and greatly influenced the natural history field. Through the course of his life Audubon studied and illustrated nearly 500 American bird species and discovered 25 new species and 12 new subspecies.

约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦

John James Audubon